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The Tektronix 453 is a portable 50MHz dual-trace oscilloscope
{{Oscilloscope Sidebar
[[introduced in 1966]] and produced until the mid-1970's.
|manufacturer=Tektronix
Initial versions had Nuvistor tubes in the front end
|series=400-series scopes
as cathode-follower voltage buffers.
|model=453
Later versions used FETs for the same purpose.
|summary=50 MHz portable dual-trace scope
The vertical amplifier that drives the CRT deflection plates
|image=Tek 453 2.jpg
is a cascoded differential amplifier made of NPN transistors.
|caption=Tektronix 453 front
Triggering uses [[tunnel diodes]],  
|introduced=1965
with a trigger preamplifier preceding the actual trigger circuit.
|discontinued=1974
The 453 is almost entirely solid-state, even in its first version.   
|designers=Oliver Dalton;Gene Andrews;
The only tubes other than the CRT are
|manuals=
the [[5642]] HV rectifiers and
'''453'''
a few [[8393]] Nuvistor triode tubes.
* [[Media:070-0478-00.pdf                      | Tektronix 453 Instruction Manual]]
Each horizontal deflection plate is
* [[Media:070-0755-02.pdf                      | Tektronix 453 Service Manual SN 20,000+]]
driven by a common-emitter amplifier with feedback. 
* [[Media:Tek_453_military_manual.pdf          | Tektronix 453 Manual, Military Version]]
The total CRT acceleration is 10kV. 
* [[Media:Tek_453_irb.pdf                      | Tektronix 453 Instrument Reference Book]]
The CRT cathode voltage is -2kV and  
'''453A'''
the CRT anode voltage is +8kV. 
* [[Media:070-1089-00.pdf                      | Tektronix 453A Manual]]
A Tektronix 453 consumes 100 watts power
* [[Media:453A_Operators_handbook_1970_ocrd.pdf | Tektronix 453A Operators Handbook]]
and weighs 29 pounds (13.2kg).
* [[Media:070-1089-00 M17637-OCR.pdf            | Tektronix 453A Manual Change M17637]]
* [[Media:070-1166-00.pdf                      | Tektronix 453A-4 Manual]]
<small>
'''Modifications, Calibration'''
* [[Media:Tek type 453 lecture notes.pdf        | Tektronix Type 453 Lecture Notes]]
* [[Media:Tek 453 fcp sn2k-up october 1967.pdf | Tektronix 453 Factory Calibration Procedure, October 1967]]
* [[Media:Tek 453 fcp dec 1968.pdf              | Tektronix 453 Factory Calibration Procedure, December 1968]]
* [[Media:Tek 453 cal outline.pdf              | Tektronix 453 Calibration Outline]]
* [[Media:Tek 453 mod 703k.pdf                  | Tektronix 453 Mod 703K]]
* [[Media:Tek 453 703H 703K.pdf                | Tektronix 453 Mod 703H and 703K]]
</small>
}}
The '''Tektronix 453''' is a portable 50 MHz dual-trace oscilloscope [[introduced in 1965]] and produced until the mid-1970's.


The 453 came with a rigid metal cap
The main market driver for the 453 scope was IBM, who wanted a portable scope for Computer Field Engineers
that protects the face of the scope while it is in transit. 
to use for working on mainframe computers. In addition, they had a requirement that the scope had to
This cap has a compartment for storing probes and accessories.
[http://readingjimwilliams.blogspot.co.at/2011/07/scope-sunday-3.html fit under an airline seat],
Inside the 453, the electronics are rather densely packed
another reason for its size and the front cover.
in order for the scope to be compact.
One can even find 453's (and 465's/475's) with "IBM" screened on the front panel by Tek.
The top and bottom cover of the case
separate simultaneously using and ingenious clasp. 
Removing the rear cover exposes the remaining fuses and circuitry.


There are two trigger/sweep units in a 453,  
The 453 also marks the first time that any oscilloscope, (or perhaps any other piece of test equipment),
thereby enabling delayed sweep mode.
had a lockable dual-duty tilt-bail carrying handle.  
There are two delayed sweep modes:
Tek held a patent on that feature, as well as on some of the other ergonomics that made up the 400 series.
"B runs after A" and "B triggerable after A".


The 453 uses Nuvistors.
{{BeginSpecs}}
The 453A, [[introduced in 1971]], replaced the Nuvistors with transistors,  
{{Spec | Bandwidth      | 52.5 MHz (20 mV/Div and up), 46.5 MHz @ 10 mV/Div, 41 MHz @ 5 mV/Div, 25 MHz @ 1 mV/Div (A-B cascaded); AC coupling LF limit 1.6 Hz }}
extended the bandwidth to 60MHz,  
{{Spec | Rise time      | 6.7 ns (20 mV/Div and up), 7.5 ns @ 10 mV/Div, 8.75 ns @ 5 mV/Div, 14 ns @ 1 mV/Div (A-B cascaded) }}
increased the graticule from 6cm x 10cm to 8cm x 10cm,
{{Spec | Deflection      | 5 mV/Div to 10 V/Div, 11 steps (1-2-5), variable  ×2.5 (i.e. up to 25 V/Div); 1 mV/Div with cascaded channels A+B in 5 mV/Div setting }}
and introduced a mixed-sweep mode. Mixed-sweep mode starts
{{Spec | Time base      | 0.1 μs/Div to 5 s/Div, 24 steps (1-2-5) }}
the sweep at the "A" time/div rate and then, after a delay set by a ten-turn dial, continues at the "B" sweep time/div rate.
{{Spec | Input impedance | 1 MΩ // 20 pF }}
{{Spec | Probes          | Two [[P6010]] 3.5ft 10X Probes }}
{{Spec | Power          | 96-137 V / 192-274 V in 4 ranges, 45-440 Hz, 100 W }}
{{Spec | Weight          | 13.2 kg (29.1 lb) }}
{{Spec | Environmental  | Meets Mil-Std-202B. Will not fail if exposed to 30 g shock test, heavy humidity, ect. }}
{{EndSpecs}}


The 453A Mod 127C appears in the 1971 Television Products Catalog, with
==Links==
the description:
* [https://youtube.com/watch?v=SESxlqvbzig Gale Morris on the history of the Tektronix 453 Oscilloscope] (YouTube)
* [https://www.antiqueradios.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=295306&hilit=453+rewind&start=20 Antique Radio Forum thread discussing Tek 453 HV transformer]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131026150847/http://www.diyguitarist.com/TestEquipment/Tektronix453.htm Paul Marossy's Tek 453 page (archived copy, original site down as of Feb 2015)]
* [https://w140.com/gao_B-176564.txt US Government Accounting Office Purchasing Decision and Discussion of  453 Mod 703H (PDF)]
* [https://readingjimwilliams.blogspot.co.at/2011/07/scope-sunday-3.html Reading Jim Williams blog: Scope Sunday #3 - Tek 453 story]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/2017*/http://www.reprise.com/host/scopes/ Bill's Tektronix 453 and 454 Info Pages] (defunct, link via Internet Archive)
<!-- Dead link: [http://vondervotteimittiss.com/belfry/?p=248 A 453 HV supply repair] (nice pictures) -->
{{Documents|Link=453}}
{{Documents|Link=453A}}
 
==Prices==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! 1966
! 1968
! 1970
! 1972 (A)
! 1973 (A)
|-
! Catalog Price
| $2,050
| $1,950
| $2,050
| $2,050
| $2,050
|-
! In 2023 Dollars
| $19,500
| $17,200
| $16,300
| $15,100
| $14,200
|}
 
==Internals==
The 453 is almost entirely solid-state, even in its first version, except for the [[5642]] HV rectifiers and CRT. 
Early 453's (below serial number 20,000) used six [[8393]] Nuvistor triode tubes (two of them paired). 
The 453A, [[introduced in 1971]], was fully transistorized, with extended bandwidth to 60 MHz, increased the graticule from 6 × 10 cm² to 8 × 10 cm², and introduced a mixed-sweep mode. 
Mixed-sweep mode starts the sweep at the "A" time/div rate and then, after a delay set by a ten-turn vernier dial, continues at the "B" sweep time/div rate.
 
There are two trigger/sweep units in a 453, thereby enabling delayed sweep mode. 
There are two delayed sweep modes: "B runs after A" and "B triggerable after A".
The A and the B sweep triggering both use [[tunnel diodes]], with a trigger preamplifier preceding the actual trigger circuit.
The use of tunnel (Esaki) diodes gave the 453 triggering that is stable and useful to twice the oscilloscope's bandwidth. 
 
The vertical amplifier that drives the CRT ([[T4533]]) deflection plates is a cascoded differential amplifier made of NPN transistors.
Each horizontal deflection plate is driven by a common-emitter amplifier with feedback. 
 
The 453 uses the [[Media:Tek 120-0360-00.pdf|120-0360-00]] HV transformer.
Total CRT acceleration is 10 kV (cathode −2 kV, anode +8 kV).
 
A Tektronix 453 consumes 100 W power and weighs 29 pounds (13.2 kg).
Part of the heft of this scope is due to its very sturdy aluminum frame and covers.
The 453 came with a rigid metal front panel cover with locking latches that protected the scope while it is in transit. 
This cover has a compartment for storing probes and accessories. 
 
Inside the 453, the electronics are rather densely packed in order for the scope to be compact. 
The top and bottom cover of the case separate easily using an ingenious thumb screw locking system - truly
the only scope series that could be opened for service/calibration in a few seconds.
Removing the rear cover exposes the remaining fuses and circuitry that rarely required access. 
 
The 453A Mod 127C appears in the 1971 Television Products Catalog, with the description:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
With the Mod 127C, and Internal TV Sync Separator circuit permits
With the Mod 127C, and Internal TV Sync Separator circuit permits stable internal line or Field-rate triggering from displayed composite
stable internal line or Field-rate triggering from displayed composite
video or composite sync waveforms.  External /10 trigger sources are replaced by Internal TV Sync positions providing Line sync pulses to the
video or composite sync waveforms.  External /10 trigger sources are  
replaced by Internal TV Sync positions providing Line sync pulses to the
B Sweep circuit and either Field or Line sync pulses to the A sweep circuit.
B Sweep circuit and either Field or Line sync pulses to the A sweep circuit.
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


*[http://w140.com/mmm/tek-453.pdf Tektronix 453 Manual (PDF)]
The 453 has a 182 °F / 83 °C thermal cut-out switch.
*[http://w140.com/mmm/tek-453a.pdf Tektronix 453A Manual (PDF)]
 
*[http://w140.com/tek_453_military_manual.pdf Tektronix 453 Manual, Military Version (PDF)]
==Pictures==
<gallery>
Tek 453 1.jpg
Tek 453 2.jpg
Tek 453 3.jpg
Tekt 453 4.jpg
Tek 453 5.jpg
Tek 453 6.jpg
Tek 453 7.jpg
Wellenkino 453.jpg            | 453
Tek 453 fine trace.jpg        | The Tektronix 453 has a thin bright trace.
Tek 453 two sine.jpg
Tek 453 on model 3 cart 1.jpg | 453 on [[LabCart3|Model 3 Cart]]
Tek 453 on model 3 cart 2.jpg | 453 on Model 3 Cart
Tek 453 on model 3 cart 3.jpg | 453 on Model 3 Cart
Tek 453 on model 3 cart 4.jpg | 453 on Model 3 Cart
Tek 453 on model 3 cart 5.jpg | 453 on Model 3 Cart
Tek 453 with camera mount.jpg | 453 with camera mount
453_MG_9796e.jpg              | 453 with IBM logo
453_MG_9800e.jpg
453_MG_9798e.jpg
453_MG_9799e.jpg
</gallery>


===453A===
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Tek 453 1.jpg
453A-4.JPG                    | 453A-4, simpler version of 453A
Image:Tek 453 2.jpg
Tek 453a 4.jpg               | 453A-4
Image:Tek 453 3.jpg
Tek 453a 3.jpg               | 453A-3
Image:Tekt 453 4.jpg
Tek 453a 1.jpg               | 453A-1
Image:Tek 453 5.jpg
Tek 453a-2 burroughs.jpg     | 453A-2
Image:Tek 453 6.jpg
Image:Tek 453 7.jpg
File:Wellenkino 453.jpg|453
</gallery>
</gallery>
==Components==
{{Parts|453}}
{{Parts|453A}}
[[Category:400 series scopes]]
Retrieved from "https://w140.com/tekwiki/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/7761...88063"