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{{Oscilloscope Sidebar |
{{Oscilloscope Sidebar  
title=Tektronix 661 |
|manufacturer=Tektronix
summary=Sampling scope |
|series=
image=661_front.jpg |
|model=661  
caption=Tektronix 661 |
|summary=Sampling scope  
introduced=1961 |
|image=661_5T1A_4S1_front.JPG
discontinued=(?) |
|caption=Tektronix 661  
manuals=
|introduced=1961  
* [http://bama.edebris.com/manuals/tek/661 Tektronix 661 Manual (PDF)]
|discontinued=(?)  
* [http://w140.com/tek_661_late.pdf Late Issue Tektronix 661 Manual (PDF)]
|designers=Norm Winningstad,Chuck Edgar,George Frye
* [http://w140.com/kurt/4s1.pdf 4S1 manual without schematics]
|manuals=
* [http://w140.com/kurt/4s1/ 4S1 schematics]
* [[Media:070-324.pdf|Tektronix 661 Manual 070-324]] (early)
* [http://w140.com/kurt/tek_4s2_schematics.pdf 4S2 schematics]
* [[Media:070-0324-01.pdf|Tektronix 661 Manual 070-0324-01]] (late)
* [http://w140.com/kurt/tektronix_4s2.pdf 4S2 complete manual]
* [[Media:tek_661_4s1_5t1_preliminary.pdf|Tek 661 4S1 5T1 Preliminary Manual]]
* [http://w140.com/kurt/tektronix_5t1a.pdf 5T1A manual]
 
* [http://w140.com/kurt/tektronix_5t3.pdf 5T3 manual]
<small>
* [http://w140.com/tek_661_4s1_5t1_preliminary.pdf Tek 661 4S1 5T1 Preliminary Manual (PDF)]
'''Alternate copies'''
* [http://w140.com/tek_661_factory_cal_proc.pdf Tektronix 661 Factory Calibration Procedure (PDF)]
* [http://bama.edebris.com/manuals/tek/661 Tektronix 661 @ BAMA]
* [http://w140.com/Nucl_Instrum_Methods_TD_Induct_effects_1968.pdf Inductance Effects on Capacitive Loading of a Tunnel Diode]
 
* [http://w140.com/ragsdale_661_1963.pdf Self-Sampling System for Measurement of Picosecond Pulse Characteristics], R.Ragsdale, 1963
'''Calibration'''
* [[Media:tek_661_factory_cal_proc.pdf|Tektronix 661 Factory Calibration Procedure]]
* [[Media:Tek 661 cal outline.pdf|Tektronix 661 Calibration Outline]] (PDF, OCR)]]
 
'''Other'''
 
* [[Media:Nucl_Instrum_Methods_TD_Induct_effects_1968.pdf|Inductance Effects on Capacitive Loading of a Tunnel Diode]]
* [[Media:Ragsdale_661_1963.pdf|Self-Sampling System for Measurement of Picosecond Pulse Characteristics]], R.Ragsdale, 1963
</small>
}}
}}
The '''Tektronix 661''' is a [[sampling oscilloscope]] that was [[introduced in 1961]].   
The '''Tektronix 661''' is a [[sampling oscilloscope]] that was [[introduced in 1961]].   
It accepts two plug-ins, a sampling unit and a timing unit.
It accepts two plug-ins, a sampling unit and a timing unit.


{{MissingSpecs}}
==History==
The 661 project was led by [[Norm Winningstad]].
In "Winning with People: The First 40 Years of Tektronix", Marshall Lee writes:
<blockquote>
During the early stages of the transition from tubes to transistors,
however, computer research focused on emitter-coupled logic circuits, or ECL circuits,
which proved much faster than conventional circuits, but also demanded higher-speed measuring instruments,
which meant a much wider bandwidth.
In response to ECL research, by 1962 Winningstad's group had produced the Type 661 sampling oscilloscope,
which provided the answer to high speed and screen resolution.
</blockquote>
In addition to Winningstad, [[Chuck Edgar]] and [[George Frye]] worked on the 661 design.
==Plug-ins==
Four sampling units were made:  
Four sampling units were made:  
* [[4S1]] (0.35 ns rise time)
* [[4S1]] (0.35 ns rise time)
* [[4S2|4S2 and 4S2A]] (0.1 ns rise time)
* [[4S2]] (0.1 ns rise time)
* [[4S2A]] (90 ps rise time)
* [[4S3]] (uses [[P6038]] sampling probes)  
* [[4S3]] (uses [[P6038]] sampling probes)  


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* [[5T1A]]
* [[5T1A]]
* [[5T3]]
* [[5T3]]
There is also a set of calibration fixtures, [[067-0066-00]], consisting of one  Vertical Test Load Unit and one Sweep Test Load Unit plug-in, but these were likely internal-only products for use in production and service as the 067-0066-00 manual says that ''067-0066-00 Test Load Units are not required for calibration of 661s in the field''.


== Inter-module signals ==
== Inter-module signals ==
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The other cable sends the "start sample signal" from the timing unit to the sampling unit, telling it when to sample.   
The other cable sends the "start sample signal" from the timing unit to the sampling unit, telling it when to sample.   


The connectors used for the inter-module coaxial connections were made by Gremar. The connector on the plug-in side  
The connectors used for the inter-module coaxial connections were made by Gremar.  
is a [[Gremar connector|Gremar 8212A]]. The connector on the scope side is a Gremar 8205A.
The connector on the plug-in side is a [[Gremar connector|Gremar 8212A]].  
When operating one or both of the plug-ins outside of the 661, the sampling unit still
The connector on the scope side is a Gremar 8205A.  
needs the sampling pulse from the timing unit. The Gremar extension cable, part number 012-070 (shown below) enables that.
When operating one or both of the plug-ins outside of the 661,
the timing unit can be fed an external trigger signal via the timing unit's front panel.
However, the sampling unit still needs the start sample signal from the timing unit.
The Gremar extension cable, part number 012-070 (shown below) enables that.


== Triggering modes ==
== Triggering modes ==
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=== Power Supply ===
=== Power Supply ===
The power supply is typical of Tektronix scopes of early 1960s.
The power supply is typical of Tektronix scopes of early 1960s.
It is linear.
All power rectifiers are silicon diodes.
An [[OG3]] tube is used as a voltage reference for the +300 V supply.
An [[OG3]] tube is used as a voltage reference for the +300 V supply.
The other supply voltages use the +300 V supply as their reference.
The other supply voltages use the +300 V supply as their reference.
The +19 V and -19 V supplies use BJT-based regulators.   
The +19 V and -19 V supplies use BJT-based regulators.   
The other regulators are tube-based.
The other regulators are tube-based.
A 45 second delay tube is used so that plate voltage isn't applied to any tube in the 661
until the cathodes are hot.
The 661 has a 137°F/58 °C [[thermal cutoff]].
The 661 has a 137°F/58 °C [[thermal cutoff]].
In practice, it doesn't run hot.
In practice, it doesn't run hot.
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=== Indicator ===
=== Indicator ===
The indicator is a conventional X-Y indicator.
The indicator is a conventional X-Y indicator.
The total CRT accelerating voltage is 3 kV and the vertical and horizontal amplifiers are  
The total CRT accelerating voltage is 3 kV.
relatively mild differential amplifiers made of [[6DJ8]] tubes and [[OC170]] germanium bipolar junction transistors.  
The 661 uses a [[T5030]] CRT with P2 [[phosphor]].
The vertical and horizontal amplifiers are essentially the same,
each consisting of a two-stage differential amplifier.
The first differential stage is made of a pair of [[OC170]] germanium PNP bipolar junction transistors
driven single-endedly with emitters connected directly together (maximum voltage gain).
The second differential stage is made of both triodes of a [[6DJ8]] tube with cathodes connected directly together (maximum voltage gain).  
The vertical and horizontal amplifiers have feedback loops around them that determine their gain.
The vertical and horizontal amplifiers have feedback loops around them that determine their gain.
The 661 uses a [[T5030]] CRT with P2 [[phosphor]].


=== Calibrator ===
=== Calibrator ===
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and mainframe wiring harness for routing trigger and timing signals between the two units?''
and mainframe wiring harness for routing trigger and timing signals between the two units?''


Some 661s have a 41 pin [[Bendix connector]], J5, on the rear panel,
Some 661s have a 41 pin [[Bendix connector]], J5, Tek part number 131-212, on the rear panel,
perhaps to allow the 661 to be interfaced to low speed data acquisition equipment or a computer.
perhaps to allow the 661 to be interfaced to low speed data acquisition equipment or a computer.
This is essentially a pass-through from J2 & J3, the secondary multi-pin connectors on the vertical & horizontal plug-ins.
This is essentially a pass-through from J2 & J3, the secondary multi-pin connectors on the vertical & horizontal plug-ins.
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The Tektronix [[012-064]] is a plug-in extension cable for the 661.
The Tektronix [[012-064]] is a plug-in extension cable for the 661.


{{MissingSpecs}}
== Mechanical ==
 
The 661 is constructed similarly to late-model [[500-series scopes]].
The chassis is made of sheet aluminum.
Most wiring is on [[Ceramic_Strips|ceramic strips]].
The side panels come off like those of a [[545|545B]] or [[547]].
The plug-ins of a 661 are incompatible with any other Tek scope,
but the construction style is similar.
The 661, like the 500-series scopes, uses Amphenol 26-series connectors
for the electrical interface between plug-in and mainframe, but the
661 uses a 24-pin version whereas the 500-series uses a 16-pin version
of the connector.
The sides and rear of the 661 painted identically to late-model
500-series scopes, i.e., Tek-blue wrinkle.
==Links==
==Links==


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<gallery>
<gallery>
Tek 661 s-52 rise.jpg|661 with [[4S1]] and [[5T3]] fed by [[S-52]]. 2 ns/div with 10x horizontal expansion gives 200 ps/div.
661 5T1A 4S1 front.JPG  | front view
661_front.jpg | front view
661_top_int.jpg | top internal view
661_top_int.jpg | top internal view
661_front.jpg | front view
Tek 661 block.png|Block Diagram
Tek 661 block.png|Block Diagram
661_trace.jpg | trace with 10 samples/cm and 2× horizontal expansion
661_trace.jpg | trace with 10 samples/cm and 2× horizontal expansion
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Tek 661 rear J5 connector.jpg|J5 connector on rear panel of 661
Tek 661 rear J5 connector.jpg|J5 connector on rear panel of 661
Tek 661 late sn delayed pulse2.png|Delayed pulse generator, final circuit version
Tek 661 late sn delayed pulse2.png|Delayed pulse generator, final circuit version
Tek 661 ad 1963.png|Ad from 1963
</gallery>
</gallery>
{{Plugins|661}}
==Components==
{{Parts|661}}


[[Category:Sampling scopes]]
[[Category:Sampling scopes]]
[[Category:661 series scopes]]
[[Category:661 series scopes]]
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