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7104: Difference between revisions
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{{Oscilloscope Sidebar | {{Oscilloscope Sidebar | ||
| | |manufacturer=Tektronix | ||
|series=7000-series scopes | |||
|model=7104 | |||
|image=Tek7104-front.jpg | |image=Tek7104-front.jpg | ||
|caption=Tektronix 7104, front view | |caption=Tektronix 7104, front view | ||
|introduced=1978 | |introduced=1978 | ||
|discontinued=1990 | |discontinued=1990 | ||
|summary=1 GHz | |summary=1 GHz mainframe with MCP CRT | ||
|designers=Hans Springer | |designers=Val Garuts;Gene Andrews;Hans Springer;John Addis;Wink Gross;Art Metz;Aris Silzars;Conrad Odenthal;Dave Morgan; | ||
|manuals= | |manuals= | ||
* [[Media:070-2314-00.pdf|Tektronix 7104 Manual with Options | * [[Media:070-2314-00.pdf|Tektronix 7104 Manual with Options]] (OCR) | ||
* [[Media:7104_maintenance.pdf | 7104 maintenance - Tek-internal introduction for technicians]] | |||
* [[Media:7104_maintenance.pdf | 7104 maintenance - Tek-internal introduction for technicians]] ( | ''Other Information'' | ||
* [[Media:Dennis Tillman 7104-7854 SMPS Dummy Load.pdf | Dummy load for troubleshooting 7854 and 7104 SMPS (Dennis Tillman) ]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Tektronix 7104''' is a 1 GHz, non-storage 7000-series oscilloscope mainframe that takes two [[7000-series_plug-ins#Vertical plug-ins|7000-series vertical plug-ins]] and two [[7000-series_plug-ins#Horizontal plug-ins|7000-series horizontal plug-ins]]. It was introduced in 1978. There is also a rack-mount version, the [[R7103]], albeit with only one horizontal bay. | The '''Tektronix 7104''' is a 1 GHz, non-storage 7000-series oscilloscope mainframe that takes two [[7000-series_plug-ins#Vertical plug-ins|7000-series vertical plug-ins]] and two [[7000-series_plug-ins#Horizontal plug-ins|7000-series horizontal plug-ins]]. It was introduced in 1978. There is also a rack-mount version, the [[R7103]], albeit with only one horizontal bay. | ||
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The scope employs a [[micro-channel plate]] (MCP) CRT design to get good screen intensity at high sweep speeds with moderate acceleration voltage. The benefit is especially noticeable at low repetition rates. | The scope employs a [[micro-channel plate]] (MCP) CRT design to get good screen intensity at high sweep speeds with moderate acceleration voltage. The benefit is especially noticeable at low repetition rates. | ||
The high horizontal speed necessitated using [[distributed deflection plates]] also for the horizontal deflection system, which reaches a | The high horizontal speed necessitated using [[distributed deflection plates]] also for the horizontal deflection system, which reaches a bandwidth of 350 MHz. | ||
bandwidth of 350 MHz. Option 2 adds a horizontal delay line to make the high horizontal bandwidth available for X-Y mode | Option 2 adds a horizontal delay line to make the high horizontal bandwidth available for X-Y mode at a phase shift of <2° up to 50 MHz, nullable at any frequency up to 250 MHz. | ||
at a phase shift of <2° up to 50 MHz, nullable at any frequency up to 250 MHz. | |||
The [[7A29]] 1 GHz vertical amplifier and the [[7B15]]/[[7B10]] time base pair were introduced along with the 7104 to match the system bandwidth. | The [[7A29]] 1 GHz vertical amplifier and the [[7B15]]/[[7B10]] time base pair were introduced along with the 7104 to match the system bandwidth. | ||
[[Val Garuts]] was the initial project leader. [[Gene Andrews]] took over the project lead about half way through the seven year development. [[John Addis]] was the Project Engineer for the vertical system. He designed the 7A29 plugin and its [[H500]] and [[H476]] ICs (the latter was also used in the 7104 mainframe). [[Wink Gross]] designed the 7104 main vertical amplifier including the channel switch, the main vertical output amplifier and its [[H477]] IC. [[Dave Morgan]] designed the mainframe horizontal amplifier, and [[Art Metz]] designed the Z axis system. [[Dennis Hall]] was the project leader for the CRT. [[Aris Silzars]] designed the vertical deflection plate structure and managed the acquisition of the microchannel plate. [[Conrad Odenthal]] designed the box lens for the CRT. | |||
{{BeginSpecs}} | {{BeginSpecs}} | ||
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* Readout | * Readout | ||
* 2 probe power connectors | * 2 probe power connectors | ||
}} | |||
{{Spec | Options | | |||
* Opt.02 – X-Y Horizontal Compensation | |||
* Opt.03 – EMI modification | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{EndSpecs}} | {{EndSpecs}} | ||
==MCP protection== | ==MCP protection== | ||
The Micro Channel Plate's amplification degrades irreversibly with operation, in proportion to the log of total charge passed per display area. For this reason, continued operation with a steady trace and especially at large beam currents must be avoided. The 7104 contains a "limited viewing time" circuit to assist with observing this restriction. At beam currents above 0.2 μA, a yellow indicator illuminates, and the beam will be shut down after 20 minutes. The limit time drops to two minutes at an average beam current of 2 μA, and also limits the average current to that value. Single-shot display current is not affected. Despite this limiter, older instruments often exhibit darkening of the screen around the horizontal center line to some degree (see [[Media:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot-sin1-1g.jpg|screen shot]]). | The Micro Channel Plate's amplification degrades irreversibly with operation, in proportion to the log of total charge passed per display area. | ||
For this reason, continued operation with a steady trace and especially at large beam currents must be avoided. ''The 7104 should '''not''' be used with plug-ins that generate a slow continuous sweep, or vector graphics. This includes [[:Category:7000 series sampling plugins|sampling plug-ins]], [[:Category:7000 series spectrum analyzer plugins|spectrum analyzers]], [[:Category:7000 series logic analyzer plugins|logic analyzers]], and the [[7D20]] digitizer.'' | |||
The 7104 contains a "limited viewing time" circuit to assist with observing this restriction. | |||
At beam currents above 0.2 μA, a yellow indicator illuminates, and the beam will be shut down after 20 minutes. | |||
The limit time drops to two minutes at an average beam current of 2 μA, and also limits the average current to that value. | |||
Single-shot display current is not affected. | |||
Despite this limiter, older instruments often exhibit darkening of the screen around the horizontal center line to some degree (see [[Media:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot-sin1-1g.jpg|screen shot]]). | |||
==Internals== | ==Internals== | ||
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The 7104's amplifiers use a then novel scheme of "feed-beside" compensation ([http://www.google.com/patents/US4132958 US Pat. 4.132.958]) where instead of matching the HF response to the LF response, the LF response is determined by off-the-shelf operational amplifiers in parallel to the high-speed amplifiers, with a number of adjustable R-C time constants to compensate for thermal and other LF effects. The same technique is employed in the [[7A29]] amplifier plug-in. | The 7104's amplifiers use a then novel scheme of "feed-beside" compensation ([http://www.google.com/patents/US4132958 US Pat. 4.132.958]) where instead of matching the HF response to the LF response, the LF response is determined by off-the-shelf operational amplifiers in parallel to the high-speed amplifiers, with a number of adjustable R-C time constants to compensate for thermal and other LF effects. The same technique is employed in the [[7A29]] amplifier plug-in. | ||
==Power Supply== | ===Power Supply=== | ||
The 7104 uses a switch-mode power supply. | The 7104 uses a switch-mode power supply. | ||
Module A23 (schematic page <14>) contains the mains rectifier, | Module A23 (schematic page <14>) contains the mains rectifier, base drive circuitry, and power transistors of the inverter (aka, switcher). | ||
base drive circuitry, and power transistors of the inverter (aka, switcher). | These transistors produce a 25 kHz waveform that is fed to the primary of T1310 ([[120-1183-00]]), whose secondaries provide the power for the rest of the scope. | ||
These transistors produce a 25 kHz waveform that is fed to the primary of T1310 ([[120-1183-00]]), | |||
whose secondaries provide the power for the rest of the scope. | |||
Module A24 (also on schematic page <14>) contains the inverter control circuit | Module A24 (also on schematic page <14>) contains the inverter control circuit and rectifiers for the secondaries of T1310. The inverter control circuit uses the [[155-0067-02]] inverter control IC, which is U1275. | ||
and rectifiers for the secondaries of T1310. | |||
The inverter control circuit uses the [[155-0067-02]] inverter control IC, which is U1275. | |||
Module A25 (schematic page <15>) contains the low-voltage regulators. | Module A25 (schematic page <15>) contains the low-voltage regulators. | ||
There are independently regulated and current-limited sections | There are independently regulated and current-limited sections for the −50 V, −15 V, +5 V, +15 V and +50 V rails. | ||
for the −50 V, −15 V, +5 V, +15 V and +50 V rails. | |||
Each section has an opamp and a BJT output transistor in emitter-follower configuration. | Each section has an opamp and a BJT output transistor in emitter-follower configuration. | ||
The opamps need power, too. | The opamps need power, too. | ||
To avoid a dependency cycle, the power supplies for the opamps are separate | To avoid a dependency cycle, the power supplies for the opamps are separate low-current, low-efficiency zener clamps that in no way depend on the −50 V, −15 V, +5 V, +15 V or +50 V regulators. | ||
low-current, low-efficiency zener clamps that in no way depend on the −50 V, −15 V, +5 V, +15 V or +50 V regulators. | The power supplies for the opamps produce −22 V, −5.6 V, +5.6 V, and +22 V. | ||
The power supplies for the opamps produce −22 V, −5.6 V, +5.6 V, and +22 V. | To avoid exceeding the opamps' limit of 30 V total rail voltage, each opamp either gets −22 V and +5.6 V, or −5.6 V and +22 V, depending on whether it needs more output swing in the positive or negative direction. | ||
To avoid exceeding the opamps' limit of 30 V total rail voltage, each opamp either gets | |||
−22 V and +5.6 V, or −5.6 V and +22 V, depending on whether it needs more output swing | |||
in the positive or negative direction. | |||
The +50 V section produces the reference voltage ("50VS") for the other sections. | The +50 V section produces the reference voltage ("50VS") for the other sections. It uses a 9 V zener diode, VR1412, as a reference. | ||
It uses a 9 V zener diode, VR1412, as a reference. | |||
The dependency relationship of the supplies is: | The dependency relationship of the supplies is: | ||
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|align=right| $29,995 | |align=right| $29,995 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! In 2023 Dollars | ||
|align=right| $ | |align=right| $53,700 | ||
|align=right| $ | |align=right| $63,200 | ||
|align=right| $ | |align=right| $70,500 | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2| Mainframe with [[7A29]],<br />7A29 Opt. 04, [[7B15]], [[7B10]] | !rowspan=2| Mainframe with [[7A29]],<br />7A29 Opt. 04, [[7B15]], [[7B10]] | ||
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|align=right| $44,510 | |align=right| $44,510 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! In 2023 Dollars | ||
|align=right| $ | |align=right| $81,000 | ||
|align=right| $ | |align=right| $94,200 | ||
|align=right| $ | |align=right| $104,600 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
* Hans Springer's 1979 [https://vintagetek.org/breakthroughs-throughout-push-scope-to-1-ghz/ Electronic Design article on the 7104] | |||
* Hans Springer's 1979 [ | |||
* [http://readingjimwilliams.blogspot.com/2011/08/scope-sunday-4.html Reading Jim Williams: Scope Sunday 4] | * [http://readingjimwilliams.blogspot.com/2011/08/scope-sunday-4.html Reading Jim Williams: Scope Sunday 4] | ||
* [http://amplifier.cd/Test_Equipment/Tektronix/Tektronix_7000_series_mainframe/7104.htm Tek 7104 @ amplifier.cd] | * [http://amplifier.cd/Test_Equipment/Tektronix/Tektronix_7000_series_mainframe/7104.htm Tek 7104 @ amplifier.cd] | ||
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110926020847/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2011/09/a_tektronix_oscilloscope_that.html A Tektronix oscilloscope that moved faster than light?] The Oregonian, 23 Sep 2011. (Original no longer accessible, link via archive.org.) | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110926020847/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2011/09/a_tektronix_oscilloscope_that.html A Tektronix oscilloscope that moved faster than light?] The Oregonian, 23 Sep 2011. (Original no longer accessible, link via archive.org.) | ||
* [http://www.radiomuseum.org/r/tektronix_oscilloscope_mainframe_7104.html Tektronix 7104 @ radiomuseum.org] | * [http://www.radiomuseum.org/r/tektronix_oscilloscope_mainframe_7104.html Tektronix 7104 @ radiomuseum.org] | ||
{{Documents|Link=7104}} | |||
==Pictures== | ==Pictures== | ||
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Tek7104-ristetime-1000hz.jpg | Rise time measurement as before, 1000 Hz repetition rate at same brightness settings. | Tek7104-ristetime-1000hz.jpg | Rise time measurement as before, 1000 Hz repetition rate at same brightness settings. | ||
Tek7104-200ps-singleshot.jpg | 7104 recording a single shot pulse (from [[067-0587-02]]) at 200 ps/Div. Camera: Nikon D7000, 50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s. CRT filter not removed. | Tek7104-200ps-singleshot.jpg | 7104 recording a single shot pulse (from [[067-0587-02]]) at 200 ps/Div. Camera: Nikon D7000, 50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s. CRT filter not removed. | ||
Tek7104-200ps-singleshot-sin1-1g.jpg | 7104 recording 1 GHz sine, single | Tek7104-200ps-singleshot-sin1-1g.jpg | 7104 recording 1 GHz sine, ''single sweep'' at 500 ps/Div. Camera: Nikon D7000, 50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s manually released. CRT filter not removed. CRT amplification loss is evident around the center line. | ||
Tek7104-superluminal-beam.jpg | [https://web.archive.org/web/20110926020847/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2011/09/a_tektronix_oscilloscope_that.html Faster-than-light] beam on 7104? Using a [[067-0587-02]] calibration fixture at maximum amplitude produces this trace spanning 1.2 Div horizontally at 200 ps/Div and 8 Div vertically. Trace length is (1.2² + 8²)<sup>½</sup> × 8.5 mm = 68.8 mm, travelled in 1.2 × 200 ps = 240 ps. Apparent speed is therefore 68.8×10<sup>-3</sup> / 240×10<sup>-12</sup> m/s or 2.86×10<sup>8</sup> m/s. 95.6% c<sub>0</sub> - a '''very''' near miss ... | Tek7104-superluminal-beam.jpg | [https://web.archive.org/web/20110926020847/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2011/09/a_tektronix_oscilloscope_that.html Faster-than-light] beam on 7104? Using a [[067-0587-02]] calibration fixture at maximum amplitude produces this trace spanning 1.2 Div horizontally at 200 ps/Div and 8 Div vertically. Trace length is (1.2² + 8²)<sup>½</sup> × 8.5 mm = 68.8 mm, travelled in 1.2 × 200 ps = 240 ps. Apparent speed is therefore 68.8×10<sup>-3</sup> / 240×10<sup>-12</sup> m/s or 2.86×10<sup>8</sup> m/s. 95.6% c<sub>0</sub> - a '''very''' near miss ... | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==Components== | |||
{{Parts|7104}} | |||
{{Custom ICs|7000 series readout system}} | |||
[[Category:7000 series non-storage mainframes]] | [[Category:7000 series non-storage mainframes]] | ||
[[Category:Micro-channel plate CRTs]] | [[Category:Micro-channel plate CRTs]] | ||