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The '''Tektronix T7100'''  (P/N 154-0783-00 with P31 phosphor) is the CRT used in the [[7104]] and [[R7103]] 1 GHz analog scopes.
{{CRT
It features a [[Micro-channel plate CRT|micro-channel plate]] electron beam amplification stage.
|Manufacturer=Tektronix
|Model=T7100
|Part_nos=154-0783-00
|Description=[[micro-channel plate CRT]]
|Used_in=7104; R7103
|Designers=Dennis Hall;Aris Silzars;Conrad Odenthal
}} used in the [[7104]] and [[R7103]] analog 1 GHz scopes.


Compared to non-MCP high-speed tubes, the T7100 uses reduced beam current and acceleration voltage
It features a [[micro-channel plate]] electron beam amplification stage.
to achieve high deflection sensitivity, eliminating the need for high amplifier output voltages, thereby boosting  
[[File:Micro-channel plate diagram.jpg | thumb | 550px | right | MCP diagram<br />(click image to enlarge)]]
amplifier bandwidth.
Compared to non-MCP high-speed tubes, the T7100 uses reduced beam current and acceleration voltage to achieve high deflection sensitivity, eliminating the need for high amplifier output voltages, thereby boosting amplifier bandwidth.


The electron beam passes through terminated helical deflection plates (both X and Y axes use  
The electron beam passes through terminated helical deflection plates (both X and Y axes use this form of [[distributed deflection plates]] to achieve the necessary bandwidth), followed by an electrostatic scan-expansion lens that increases deflection 4.5 times vertically and 4 times horizontally, before it hits the micro-channel plate (MCP).
this form of [[distributed deflection plates]] to achieve the necessary bandwidth), followed by  
The deflection structures are described in [https://patents.google.com/patent/US4093891 US Patent 4,093,891].
an electrostatic scan-expansion lens that increases deflection 4.5 times vertically and 4 times  
The scan-expansion lens is a "box lens" design, which is discussed on pages 53−55 of the ''[[Media:7104_maintenance.pdf|7104 maintenance document]]''.
horizontally, before it hits the micro-channel plate which consists of parallel channels of 25 μm
diameter and offset at a slight angle to the beam.


The inside walls of these channels are coated with resistive material, with a voltage of 700-1050 V applied  
The MCP consists of parallel channels of 25 μm diameter and offset at a slight angle to the beam.
between back and front of the plate. Electrons entering a channel hit the wall where they initiate a cascade
The inside walls of these channels are coated with resistive material, with a voltage of 700-1050 V applied between back and front of the plate. Electrons entering a channel hit the wall where they initiate a cascade of secondary electron emission like in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomultiplier photomultiplier].
of secondary electron emission like in a photomultiplier.


A final 10 kV potential accelerates the beam across a 3 mm gap toward the phosphor coating.
A final 10 kV potential accelerates the beam across a 3 mm gap toward the [[phosphor]] coating.


The beam amplification is sufficient to view a [[Media:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot.jpg|single-shot event at 200 ps/Div]] with the naked eye.
The beam amplification is sufficient to view a [[Media:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot.jpg|single-shot event at 200 ps/Div]] with the naked eye.


[[File:Micro-channel plate diagram.jpg | 750px |MCP diagram]]
The Micro-channel plate's amplification degrades irreversibly with operation, in proportion to the log of total charge passed per channel or display area.   
<br />(click image to enlarge)
 
The Micro Channel Plate's amplification degrades irreversibly with operation, in proportion to the log of total charge passed per channel or display area.   
For this reason, continued operation with a steady trace and especially at large beam currents must be avoided.  
For this reason, continued operation with a steady trace and especially at large beam currents must be avoided.  
To protect the tube, the 7104 contains a protection circuit that shuts off the beam after a time depending on the beam circuit.
The 7104 contains a CRT protection circuit that shuts off the beam after a time depending on the beam current.


==Specifications==
{{BeginSpecs}}
* Screen size: 8 × 10 Div. @ 8.5 mm
{{Spec | Screen size                     | 8 × 10 Div. @ 8.5 mm }}
* Tube bandwidth: 2.6 GHz
{{Spec | Resolution                     | 17 lines / Div. }}
* Resolution: 17 lines / Div.
{{Spec | Vertical deflection factor     | 1 V/cm }}
* Deflection factor: 1 V/cm
{{Spec | Vertical deflection impedance  | 200  Ω }}
{{Spec | Vertical bandwidth              | 2.6 GHz (3 GHz spec claimed in maintenance document linked below) }}
{{Spec | Horizontal deflection factor    | 2 V/Div }}
{{Spec | Horizontal deflection impedance | 365 Ω }}
{{Spec | Horizontal bandwidth            | 1.5 GHz }}
{{EndSpecs}}


==Links==
==Links==
* [http://www.vintagetek.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/7104-Springer-article-email-res.pdf Hans Springer: Breakthroughs throughout push scope to 1 GHz]
* [http://www.vintagetek.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/7104-Springer-article-email-res.pdf Hans Springer: Breakthroughs throughout push scope to 1 GHz]
* [[Media:7104_maintenance.pdf|7104 maintenance document]], p.30+
* [[T7101]]
* [[Patent US 4142128A|US Patent 4142128A – Box-shaped scan expansion lens for cathode ray tube]] ([[Conrad Odenthal]])
* [[Conrad Odenthal]], ''[[Media:Conrad Odenthal - A box-shaped scan expansion lens for an oscilloscope CRT.pdf|A box-shaped scan expansion lens for an oscilloscope CRT]] (1977)
* [[Media:Box lens design being tried by Tektronix in experimental CRTs.pdf|Box lens design being tried by Tektronix in experimental CRTs]] (1977)


==Screen shots==
==Pictures==
<gallery>
Tek 154-0783-00 1.jpg|154-0783-00 T7100 CRT
Tek 154-0783-00 2.jpg|154-0783-00 T7100 CRT
Tek t7100 internal1.JPG|T7100 internal
Tek t7100 internal2.JPG|T7100 internal
Tek t7100 internal3.JPG|T7100 internal
Tek t7100 internal4.JPG|T7100 internal
Tek t7100 internal5.JPG|T7100 internal
Tek t7100 internal6.JPG|T7100 internal
</gallery>
'''Screen shots'''
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot.jpg        | 7104 recording a single shot pulse (from [[067-0587-02]]) at 200 ps/Div.  Camera: Nikon D7000,  50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s.  CRT filter not removed.
Tek7104-200ps-singleshot.jpg        | 7104 recording a single shot pulse (from [[067-0587-02]]) at 200 ps/Div.  Camera: Nikon D7000,  50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s.  CRT filter not removed.
File:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot-sin1-1g.jpg | 7104 recording 1 GHz sine, single shot at 200 ps/Div.  Camera: Nikon D7000,  50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s.  CRT filter not removed.  CRT amplification loss is evident around the center line.
Tek7104-200ps-singleshot-sin1-1g.jpg | 7104 recording 1 GHz sine, single shot at 500 ps/Div.  Camera: Nikon D7000,  50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s.  CRT filter not removed.  CRT amplification loss is evident around the center line.
Tek t7100 lens structure.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>




[[Category:Cathode ray tubes]]
[[Category:Micro-channel plate CRTs]]
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