7A13: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:08, 13 February 2015

The Tektronix 7A13 is a "differential comparator" vertical plug-in for 7000-series scopes, i.e. a fast differential amplifier with adjustable DC offset. It is one of the first 7000 series plugins, released along with the first scopes in 1969/1970, and was made until the 7000 series was retired in 1992.

Operation

Older versions display the comparison (offset) voltage through a mechanical dial, newer versions (from 1976 on) through an LED panel meter. In addition, this voltage is brought out through a front panel connector so it can be measured externally.

In differential mode, a +/-10 V common mode signal can be present at the inputs without attenuation. Either input can be switched to the comparison voltage, which is settable to four digits by a 10-step switch and a 10-turn potentiometer. In this comparator mode, the offset range is effectively 10,000 divisions.

On the 1 mV/Div to 50 mV/Div ranges, the gate resistors can be disabled by an internal switch, raising DC input impedance to "approximately infinite" (as indicated by a front panel lamp).

Key Specifications

Bandwidth	100 MHz (in 7700 or faster mainframes)
Rise time	3.5 ns
Deflection factor	1 mV/Div – 5 V/Div (1–2–5 sequence)
Common Mode range	at least +10 V / -10 V from 1 mV/Div to 5 mV/Div, +100 V / -100 V from 10 mV/Div to 50 mV/Div, +500 V / -500 V from 100 mV/Div to 5 V/Div
Overdrive Recovery	to within 2 mV in 1µs (at 1 mV/Div)
CMRR	at least 10,000:1 for 10 V_p-p or less, 100 kHz to 1 MHz, decreasing to 500:1 at 10 MHz with 1 V_p-p, 200:1 at 20 MHz with 1 V_p-p
Input impedance	1 MΩ // 20 pF
Comparison voltage	0 V — +/-10 V
Vc reading accuracy	Mechanical version: 0.1% of reading + 5 mV DVM version: 0.1% of reading + 3 mV
Warmup time	5 minutes for short-term measurements, 1 hour for best stability

Internals

In the older version, the comparison voltage is generated from a precision zener supplied from either positive or negative 50 V rail, followed by a 10-step switched divider made of 0.1% resistors to select the first digit. For the lower three digits, a ten-turn potentiometer with a mechanical digital readout is used. The V/Div switch changes the decimal point on the readout, which is implemented through small light bulbs above the dial with plastic light guides to make the decimal point appear between the digits. In contrast to the back-lit switches, the decimal point lamps are supplied from logic +5 V so they work also in mainframes without switch light supplies, e.g. the 76x3s.

In the newer version, the zener-derived reference voltage is always positive. A 10-turn pot for coarse selection combines with a single-turn pot for fine control. The resultant voltage is displayed on a 4-digit simplified DVM built around a Fairchild 3814 4½ digit DVM controller. For negative values of V_C, an opamp polarity inverter circuit is switched in.

Repair issues

The 7A13 uses twelve miniature relays similar to those used in the 7A11. These are very rare. The 7A11 repair report at amplifier.cd describes a possible replacement with a modern component.

Links

Pictures

Older version (1970-1975, mechanical meter)

7A13 older version, front view
7A13, left side
7A13, right side
closeup of mechanical V_C display in operation
Three light bulbs above the digit dials for decimal point indication
Gear mechanism
Gear mechanism. If the leftmost display digit is misaligned with respect to the switch position, the left pair of bevel gears seen here need to be rotated relatively to each other.

Newer version (1976-1992, LED meter)

7A13 newer version, front view

7A13 newer version, front view

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 ==Internals==
-In the older version, the comparison voltage is generated from a precision zener supplied from either positive or negative 50 V rail, followed by a 10-step switched divider made of 0.1% resistors to select the first digit.  For the lower three digits, a ten-turn potentiometer with a mechanical digital readout is used.
+In the older version, the comparison voltage is generated from a precision zener supplied from either positive or negative 50 V rail, followed by a 10-step switched divider made of 0.1% resistors to select the first digit.  For the lower three digits, a ten-turn potentiometer with a mechanical digital readout is used. The V/Div switch changes the decimal point on the readout, which is implemented through small light bulbs above the dial with plastic light guides to make the decimal point appear between the digits.  In contrast to the [[back-lit switches]], the decimal point lamps are supplied from logic +5 V so they work also in mainframes without switch light supplies, e.g. the 76x3s.
 In the newer version, the zener-derived reference voltage is always positive.  A 10-turn pot for coarse selection combines with a single-turn pot for fine control.  The resultant voltage is displayed on a 4-digit simplified DVM built around a [[Fairchild 3814]] 4½ digit DVM controller. For negative values of V<sub>C</sub>, an opamp polarity inverter circuit is switched in.