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7104: Difference between revisions
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beam limiter, feed-beside
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The '''Tektronix 7104''' is a 1 GHz, non-storage 7000-series oscilloscope mainframe that takes two [[7000-series_plug-ins#Vertical plug-ins|7000-series vertical plug-ins]] and two [[7000-series_plug-ins#Horizontal plug-ins|7000-series horizontal plug-ins]]. It was introduced in 1978. There is also a rack-mount version, the [[R7103]], albeit with only one horizontal bay. | The '''Tektronix 7104''' is a 1 GHz, non-storage 7000-series oscilloscope mainframe that takes two [[7000-series_plug-ins#Vertical plug-ins|7000-series vertical plug-ins]] and two [[7000-series_plug-ins#Horizontal plug-ins|7000-series horizontal plug-ins]]. It was introduced in 1978. There is also a rack-mount version, the [[R7103]], albeit with only one horizontal bay. | ||
The scope employs a [[micro-channel plate]] CRT design to get good screen intensity at high sweep speeds with moderate acceleration voltage. | The scope employs a [[micro-channel plate]] (MCP) CRT design to get good screen intensity at high sweep speeds with moderate acceleration voltage. However, the MCP's amplification degrades irreversibly with operation, in proportion to the log of total charge passed per channel or display area. For this reason, continued operation with a steady trace and especially at large beam currents must be avoided. The 7104 contains a "limited viewing time" circuit to assist with observing this restriction. At beam currents above 0.2 μA, a yellow indicator illuminates, and the beam will be shut down after 20 minutes. The limit time drops to two minutes at an average beam current of 2 μA, and also limits the average current to that value. Single-shot display current is not affected. Despite this limiter, older instruments often exhibit darkening of the screen around the horizontal center line to some degree (see [[Media:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot-sin1-1g.jpg|screen shot]]). | ||
The high speed necessitated using [[distributed deflection plates]] also for the horizontal deflection system, which reaches a bandwidth of 350 MHz. An optional horizontal delay line makes the high horizontal bandwidth available for X-Y mode at a phase shift of <2° up to 50 MHz, nullable at any frequency up to 250 MHz. | |||
The [[7A29]] 1 GHz vertical amplifier and the [[7B15]]/[[7B10]] time base pair were introduced along with the 7104 to match the system bandwidth. | The [[7A29]] 1 GHz vertical amplifier and the [[7B15]]/[[7B10]] time base pair were introduced along with the 7104 to match the system bandwidth. | ||
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* Opt. 2: < 2° from DC to 50 MHz (with a pair of [[7A19]] or [[7A29]], at least one of which has the variable delay option}} | * Opt. 2: < 2° from DC to 50 MHz (with a pair of [[7A19]] or [[7A29]], at least one of which has the variable delay option}} | ||
{{Spec | Acceleration voltage | 12.5 kV }} | {{Spec | Acceleration voltage | 12.5 kV }} | ||
{{Spec | CRT | [[T7100]]-31-2 Micro channel plate CRT (154-0783-00), P31 phosphor, 8 × 10 Div. @ 8.5 mm, resolution 17 lines / Div. }} | {{Spec | CRT | [[T7100]]-31-2 Micro channel plate CRT (154-0783-00), P31 phosphor, 8 × 10 Div. @ 8.5 mm, resolution 17 lines / Div., vertical 2 GHz bandwidth @ 1 V/Div sensitivity }} | ||
{{Spec | Power consumption | 215 W }} | {{Spec | Power consumption | 215 W }} | ||
{{Spec | Dimensions | 345 mm (h) × 305 mm (w) × 592 mm (l) }} | {{Spec | Dimensions | 345 mm (h) × 305 mm (w) × 592 mm (l) }} | ||
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==Internals== | ==Internals== | ||
The 7104 makes extensive use of custom integrated circuits and hybrid circuits, inter alia, the [[155-0174-00]] Delay Line Compensator, [[155-0173-00]] Vertical Channel Switch, [[155-0176-00]] Vertical Output Amplifier, [[155-0194-00]]/01/02/03 CRT Termination, [[155-0175-00]] Trigger Amplifier, [[155-0178-00]] Horizontal Output Amplifier, [[155-0012-00]] Z-Axis controller/amplifier, and [[155-0067-02]] SMPS controller. | The 7104 makes extensive use of custom integrated circuits and hybrid circuits, inter alia, the [[155-0174-00]] Delay Line Compensator, [[155-0173-00]] Vertical Channel Switch, [[155-0176-00]] Vertical Output Amplifier, [[155-0194-00]]/01/02/03 CRT Termination, [[155-0175-00]] Trigger Amplifier, [[155-0178-00]] Horizontal Output Amplifier, [[155-0012-00]] Z-Axis controller/amplifier, and [[155-0067-02]] SMPS controller. The high-speed amplifiers use [[Hypcon]] ceramic packages that use elastomer-based frames for coupling chip connections to the circuit board at constant impedance. The signal connections are differential throughout, and the signal path was optimized for matching and low reflection, including the plugin to mainframe card-edge connectors and the use of stripline and coplanar waveguide techniques right up to the CRT. | ||
The 7104's amplifiers use a then novel scheme of "feed-beside" compensation where instead of matching the HF response to the LF response, the LF response is determined by off-the-shelf operational amplifiers in parallel to the high-speed amplifiers, with a number of adjustable R-C time constants to compensate for thermal and other LF effects. The same technique is employed in the [[7A29]] amplifier plug-in. | |||
==Prices== | ==Prices== | ||
<!-- http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/ --> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|align=right| $29,995 | |align=right| $29,995 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 2015 value | ||
|align=right| $41, | |align=right| $41,560 | ||
|align=right| $48, | |align=right| $48,930 | ||
|align=right| $54, | |align=right| $54,580 | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2| Mainframe with [[7A29]],<br />7A29 Opt. 04, [[7B15]], [[7B10]] | !rowspan=2| Mainframe with [[7A29]],<br />7A29 Opt. 04, [[7B15]], [[7B10]] | ||
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|align=right| $44,510 | |align=right| $44,510 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 2015 value | ||
|align=right| $62, | |align=right| $62,700 | ||
|align=right| $72, | |align=right| $72,960 | ||
|align=right| $ | |align=right| $88,990 | ||
|- | |- | ||
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* [http://amplifier.cd/Test_Equipment/Tektronix/Tektronix_7000_series_mainframe/7104.htm Tek 7104 page @ amplifier.cd] | * [http://amplifier.cd/Test_Equipment/Tektronix/Tektronix_7000_series_mainframe/7104.htm Tek 7104 page @ amplifier.cd] | ||
* http://www.barrytech.com/tektronix/tek7000/tek7104.html | * http://www.barrytech.com/tektronix/tek7000/tek7104.html | ||
* [http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2011/09/a_tektronix_oscilloscope_that.html | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110926020847/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2011/09/a_tektronix_oscilloscope_that.html A Tektronix oscilloscope that moved faster than light?] The Oregonian, 23 Sep 2011. (Original no longer accessible, link via archive.org.) | ||
==Pictures== | ==Pictures== | ||
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File:Tek 7104 vertampclose.jpg | File:Tek 7104 vertampclose.jpg | ||
File:Tek 7104 vertcrtinterconnect.jpg | File:Tek 7104 vertcrtinterconnect.jpg | ||
File:Tek7104-hor-and-vert-amp.jpg | 7104 horizontal (top) and vertical (bottom) output amplifiers | |||
File:Tek-7104-horiz-out-and-term.jpg | 7104 horizontal output amplifier, CRT connection and termination of distributed horizontal deflection plates | |||
Tek7104-vert-sw.jpg | 7104 vertical channel switch board | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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File:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot.jpg | 7104 recording a single shot pulse (from [[067-0587-02]]) at 200ps/Div. Camera: Nikon D7100, 50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s. CRT filter not removed. | File:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot.jpg | 7104 recording a single shot pulse (from [[067-0587-02]]) at 200ps/Div. Camera: Nikon D7100, 50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s. CRT filter not removed. | ||
File:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot-sin1-1g.jpg | 7104 recording 1 GHz sine, single shot at 200ps/Div. Camera: Nikon D7100, 50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s. CRT filter not removed. CRT amplification loss is evident around the center line. | File:Tek7104-200ps-singleshot-sin1-1g.jpg | 7104 recording 1 GHz sine, single shot at 200ps/Div. Camera: Nikon D7100, 50 mm f/1.4, ISO 3200, 1/2 s. CRT filter not removed. CRT amplification loss is evident around the center line. | ||
File:Tek7104-superluminal-beam.jpg | [https://web.archive.org/web/20110926020847/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2011/09/a_tektronix_oscilloscope_that.html Faster-than-light] beam on 7104? Using a [[067-0587-02]] calibration fixture at maximum amplitude produces this trace spanning 1.2 Div horizontally at 200 ps/Div and 8 Div vertically. Trace length is (1.2² + 8²)<sup>½</sup> × 8.5 mm = 68.8 mm, travelled in 1.2 × 200 ps = 240 ps. Apparent speed is therefore 68.8×10<sup>-3</sup> / 240×10<sup>-12</sup> m/s or 2.86×10<sup>8</sup> m/s. '''Very''' near miss ... | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||