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The Tektronix 661 is a [[sampling oscilloscope]] that was [[introduced in 1961]].   
The Tektronix 661 is a [[sampling oscilloscope]] that was [[introduced in 1961]].   
It accepts two plug-ins: a sampling unit and a timing unit.   
It accepts two plug-ins: a sampling unit and a timing unit.   
Four different sampling units were made:  
 
Four sampling units were made:  
* [[4S1]] (0.35 ns rise time)
* [[4S1]] (0.35 ns rise time)
* [[4S2|4S2 and 4S2A]] (0.1 ns rise time)
* [[4S2|4S2 and 4S2A]] (0.1 ns rise time)
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* [[5T3]]
* [[5T3]]


== Inter-module Signals ==
The timing units use [[tunnel diodes|tunnel diode]] triggering.   
The timing units use [[tunnel diodes|tunnel diode]] triggering.   
Two 50-ohm coaxial cables in the scope connect the sampling unit to the timing unit.   
Two 50-ohm coaxial cables in the scope connect the sampling unit to the timing unit.   
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telling it when to sample.
telling it when to sample.


== Triggering Modes ==
A 661 can be triggered in at least four distinct modes:
A 661 can be triggered in at least four distinct modes:
* The 4S1 uses a trigger pickoff transformer to produce the internal trigger signal
* The 4S1 uses a trigger pickoff transformer to produce the internal trigger signal
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* The calibration signal generator in the 661 can be used as trigger source, as described below.
* The calibration signal generator in the 661 can be used as trigger source, as described below.


== Subsystems of the 661 ==
Other than the two plug-ins, the 661 mainframe essentially consists of four subsystems:
Other than the two plug-ins, the 661 mainframe essentially consists of four subsystems:
* power supply
* power supply
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* delayed pulse generator
* delayed pulse generator


=== Power Supply ===
The power supply is typical of  
The power supply is typical of  
Tektronix scopes of early 1960s.
Tektronix scopes of early 1960s.
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use BJT-based regulators.  The other regulators are tube-based.
use BJT-based regulators.  The other regulators are tube-based.


=== Indicator ===
The indicator is a conventional X-Y indicator.   
The indicator is a conventional X-Y indicator.   
The total CRT accelerating voltage is 3kV and  
The total CRT accelerating voltage is 3kV and  
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that determine their gain.
that determine their gain.


=== Calibrator ===
The amplitude/time calibrator is a Colpitts oscillator that uses a [[7119]]
The amplitude/time calibrator is a Colpitts oscillator that uses a [[7119]]
tube.  It produces clippped sine waves at frequencies from 100kHz to 100MHz and
tube.  It produces clippped sine waves at frequencies from 100kHz to 100MHz and
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In many situations, this eliminates the need for external triggering.
In many situations, this eliminates the need for external triggering.


=== Delayed Pulse Generator ===
The delayed pulse generator is a [[tunnel diodes|tunnel diode]] circuit  
The delayed pulse generator is a [[tunnel diodes|tunnel diode]] circuit  
that produces a negative-going 250mV pulse with a risetime of about 150 ps  
that produces a negative-going 250mV pulse with a risetime of about 150 ps  

Revision as of 08:09, 7 May 2013

The Tektronix 661 is a sampling oscilloscope that was introduced in 1961. It accepts two plug-ins: a sampling unit and a timing unit.

Four sampling units were made:

Three timing units were made:

Inter-module Signals

The timing units use tunnel diode triggering. Two 50-ohm coaxial cables in the scope connect the sampling unit to the timing unit. One of these cables sends the "internal trigger signal" from the sampling unit to the timing unit. The other cable sends the "start sample signal" from the timing unit to the sampling unit, telling it when to sample.

Triggering Modes

A 661 can be triggered in at least four distinct modes:

  • The 4S1 uses a trigger pickoff transformer to produce the internal trigger signal

that can trigger the timing unit. The 4S1 is the only 661 sampling unit that produces an internal trigger signal.

  • An external trigger signal can be fed to the timing unit via its front panel.
  • The timing unit can be operated in in free-running mode and the resulting pulse signal

can be the stimulus for the device under test. This mode is similar to a TDR.

  • The calibration signal generator in the 661 can be used as trigger source, as described below.

Subsystems of the 661

Other than the two plug-ins, the 661 mainframe essentially consists of four subsystems:

  • power supply
  • indicator
  • amplitude/time calibration signal generator
  • delayed pulse generator

Power Supply

The power supply is typical of Tektronix scopes of early 1960s. An OG3 tube is used as a voltage reference for the +300V supply. The other supply voltages use the +300V supply as their reference. The +19V and -19V supplies use BJT-based regulators. The other regulators are tube-based.

Indicator

The indicator is a conventional X-Y indicator. The total CRT accelerating voltage is 3kV and the vertical and horizontal amplifiers are relatively mild differential amplifiers made of 6DJ8 tubes and OC170 germanium bipolar junction transistors. The vertical and horizontal amplifiers have feedback loops around them that determine their gain.

Calibrator

The amplitude/time calibrator is a Colpitts oscillator that uses a 7119 tube. It produces clippped sine waves at frequencies from 100kHz to 100MHz and amplitudes from 1mV to 1000mV. The output is 50-ohm GR-874. The signal from the calibration generator is available on the front panel and is also sent to the timing generator through the multi-pin plug-in connector. This allows the timing plug-ins to select "CAL" as a trigger source. In this mode, the calibration generator can be used as the stimulus for the device under test. In many situations, this eliminates the need for external triggering.

Delayed Pulse Generator

The delayed pulse generator is a tunnel diode circuit that produces a negative-going 250mV pulse with a risetime of about 150 ps and a pulse width of about 400 ns. The output is 50-ohm GR-874. When a timing unit (e.g., a 5T1) triggers, it sends a pulse through pin 10 of the J4 interconnect to the delayed pulse generator, which regenerates the pulse. There are three versions of the 661 delayed pulse generator. The first is in serial numbers 101 through 2829. The second version is in serial numbers 2830 through 3459. The third version is in serial numbers 3460 and up. All three versions use a 50mA tunnel diode to generate the actual output pulse. The circuit versions differ in how they bias and trip the output tunnel diode.

Based on the available schematics, the 661 appears to have been designed in 1961. During what years was it manufactured? Why is it that the 661 has a dedicated high-speed coaxial interface between the sampling unit the timing unit while later 560-series sampling systems (3S2, 3T77A, etc.) are able to simply use the regular plug-in connector and mainframe wiring harness for routing trigger and timing signals between the two units?

Some 661s have a multipin connector on the rear panel, perhaps to allow the 661 to be interfaced to low speed data acquisition equipment or a computer.

The 661 has a 137°F thermal cutoff. In practice, it doesn't run hot.

  • top internal view

    top internal view

  • front view

    front view

  • trace with 10 samples/cm and 2x horizontal expansion

    trace with 10 samples/cm and 2x horizontal expansion

  • left internal view

    left internal view

  • right internal view

    right internal view

  • top view of 4S1

    top view of 4S1

  • Coaxial interconnect from timing plug-in goes through the mainframe, into the 4S1, and ends here, at the sampler.

    Coaxial interconnect from timing plug-in goes through the mainframe, into the 4S1, and ends here, at the sampler.

  • This is the sampler. The GaAs sampling diodes are arranged in a diamond shape and are directly connected to the socket from the delay line.

    This is the sampler. The GaAs sampling diodes are arranged in a diamond shape and are directly connected to the socket from the delay line.

  • The delay line is a coil of coax going from the trigger pickoff to the sampler.

    The delay line is a coil of coax going from the trigger pickoff to the sampler.

  • The 661 mainframe has two pieces of 50-ohm coax that connect the sampling unit bay to the timing unit bay. The plug-ins engage with these interconnects when inserted.

    The 661 mainframe has two pieces of 50-ohm coax that connect the sampling unit bay to the timing unit bay. The plug-ins engage with these interconnects when inserted.

  • 4S2 top view

    4S2 top view

  • 4S2 front view

    4S2 front view

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